Launching Superintelligent Medicine: A Substack on AI in Healthcare

Paul SufkaArtificial Intelligence, Social Media

Superintelligent Medicine logo

I’m excited to announce the launch of Superintelligent Medicine, a new Substack focused on the intersection of artificial intelligence and clinical medicine.

My goal with Superintelligent Medicine is to share my insights on how to use AI tools effectively in clinical practice and your daily life.

The first posts cover the widening gap between AI capability and physician adoption, and how large language models actually work. My next post will focus on improving your AI prompting techniques.

Going forward, I’ll do my best to keep you up to date with the latest AI tools for clinicians and how to integrate these systems into your workflow. I’ll also be sharing practical examples from my own clinical practice and lessons learned from implementing AI in real-world medical settings.

You can subscribe at superintelligentmedicine.substack.com.

I’m always open to suggestions. If you have ideas for topics you’d like me to cover or feedback on the format, reach out via X @psufka or reply directly to any Substack post.

The Current State of AI in Rheumatology — Virginia Society of Rheumatology 2025 Annual Meeting.

Paul SufkaArtificial Intelligence, Conferences, Education, Med Tech

Objectives

  • Define the major types of artificial intelligence relevant to healthcare
  • Describe current and emerging applications of AI in rheumatology
  • Evaluate the limitations, ethical concerns, and future directions of AI integration in rheumatologic practice

AI Basics

  • Definitions & hierarchy: Algorithms → Machine Learning → Deep Learning → Transformers → Large Language Models (LLMs)
  • Transformers introduced self-attention (Vaswani et al. 2017)
  • Pretraining concepts: tokenization (OpenAI Tokenizer), embeddings, Q/K/V attention, multi-head attention, transformer blocks (Interactive explainer)
  • Role of GPUs in AI training, FLOPS, and NVIDIA’s dominance

Evolution of Models

  • GPT-3 (2020): 175B parameters, first to capture public attention
  • GPT-3.5 (2022): Refinements, powered first ChatGPT release
  • GPT-4 (2023): 1–1.8T parameters, major leap in reasoning, high exam scores
  • GPT-4o (2024): Multimodal, real-time capabilities
  • GPT-o3 (2024): Optimized for reasoning efficiency
  • GPT-5 (2025): >10T parameters (est.), frontier model, improved efficiency

Leaderboards and benchmarks:

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)

  • No clear definition; can it perform any intellectual task a human can do?
  • Apple’s perspective: The Illusion of Thinking

Using General AI Tools

  • Different “personalities” across ChatGPT, Grok, Claude, Gemini
  • Prompt engineering: role → task → context → format → extras

Current Uses in Medicine

AI Agents

  • Chatbots answer single questions
  • Agents execute multi-step workflows with oversight
  • Non-healthcare agents: email, browser, coding (Cursor), productivity (Microsoft Copilot, Google Gemini apps)
  • Spreadsheet integrations: Google Sheets =AI(...), Excel =COPILOT(...)
  • EHR agents: Epic, Oracle Health

Risks & Limitations

  • Errors & hallucinations: confident but wrong answers, fabricated references
  • Liability: unclear responsibility, evolving regulatory standards
  • Ethics: bias, transparency, patient trust
  • Why models hallucinate: OpenAI report

Future Directions

  • Deeper integration into everyday tech and EHRs
  • Agentic workflows
  • Multimodal healthcare inputs (history, labs, imaging, pathology, genomics)
  • Regulatory evolution
  • Workforce impact: efficiency ↑, burnout ↓

Practical Tips

  • Create 2+ AI accounts (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Grok)
  • Try an ambient scribe
  • Test decision tools (OpenEvidence, Vera Health)
  • Practice structured prompting
  • Use AI to summarize journal articles

Thanks to everyone who attended!

New position at Twin Cities Orthopedics

Paul SufkaAnnouncements

Twin Cities Orthopedics logo

I am excited to announce that I am starting a new position as a rheumatologist with Twin Cities Orthopedics, and will be available to start seeing patients in mid-June 2023.

If you would like to schedule an appointment with me at Twin Cities Orthopedics, please follow this link to visit their rheumatology specialty page.

I am committed to providing the best possible care for patients, and specialize in diagnosing and treating all inflammatory rheumatologic and autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polymyalgia rheumatica, vasculitis, lupus, dermatomyositis,  inflammatory myositis, scleroderma, Sjogren’s syndrome, Behcet’s syndrome, gout, and pseudogout. I also have experience in managing autoinflammatory diseases such as familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), and hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome (HIDS), among others.

Feel free to visit my about page for more information about my training and other projects.

I am looking forward to providing exceptional care at Twin Cities Orthopedics.

Social Media in Medicine – Minneapolis VA Grand Rounds

Paul SufkaConferences, Education, Social Media