27+ peer-reviewed publications. The majority originate from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance, an international physician-reported data registry I co-founded in March 2020. Full GRA publication archive at rheum-covid.org.

Published in 2023

  1. Brooks J, Montgomery A, Dalbeth N, Sapsford M, Ngan Kee R, Cooper A, Quincey V, Bhana S, Gore-Massy M, Hausmann J, Liew J, Machado PM, Sufka P, Sirotich E, Robinson P, Wallace Z, Yazdany J, Grainger R. Omicron variant infection in inflammatory rheumatological conditions — outcomes from a COVID-19 naive population in Aotearoa New Zealand. The Lancet Regional Health — Western Pacific 2023;38:100843. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37520279/
  2. Machado PM, Schäfer M, Mahil SK, Liew J, Gossec L, Dand N, Pfeil A, Strangfeld A, Regierer AC, Fautrel B, Alonso CG, Saad CGS, Griffiths CEM, Lomater C, Miceli-Richard C, Wendling D, Alpizar Rodriguez D, Wiek D, Mateus EF, Sirotich E, Soriano ER, Ribeiro FM, Omura F, Rajão Martins F, Santos H, Dau J, Barker JN, Hausmann J, Hyrich KL, Gensler L, Silva L, Jacobsohn L, Carmona L, Pinheiro MM, Zelaya MD, Severina MLÁ, Yates M, Dubreuil M, Gore-Massy M, Romeo N, Haroon N, Sufka P, Grainger R, Hasseli R, Lawson-Tovey S, Bhana S, Pham T, Olofsson T, Bautista-Molano W, Wallace ZS, Yiu ZZN, Yazdany J, Robinson PC, Smith CH. Characteristics associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes in people with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis: data from the COVID-19 PsoProtect and Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registries. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2023;82(5):698-709. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36787993/
  3. Ugarte-Gil MF, Alarcón GS, Seet AM, Izadi Z, Montgomery AD, Duarte-García A, Gilbert EL, Valenzuela-Almada MO, Wise L, Sparks JA, Hsu TY, D’Silva KM, Patel NJ, Sirotich E, Liew JW, Hausmann JS, Sufka P, Grainger R, Bhana S, Wallace Z, Jacobsohn L, Strangfeld A, Mateus EF, Hyrich KL, Gossec L, Carmona L, Lawson-Tovey S, Kearsley-Fleet L, Schaefer M, Machado PM, Robinson PC, Gianfrancesco M, Yazdany J. Association Between Race/Ethnicity and COVID-19 Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients From the United States: Data From the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Arthritis Care & Research 2023;75(1):53-60. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36239292/
  4. Maguire S, Al-Emadi S, Alba P, Aguiar MC, Al Lawati T, Alle G, Bermas B, Bhana S, Branimir A, Bulina I, Clowse M, Cogo K, Colunga I, Cook C, Cortez KJ, Dao K, Gianfrancesco M, Gore-Massey M, Gossec L, Grainger R, Hausman J, Hsu TYT, Hyrich K, Isnardi C, Kawano Y, Kilding R, Kusevich DA, Lawson-Tovey S, Liew J, McCarthy E, Montgumery A, Moyano S, Nasir N, Padjen I, Papagoras C, Patel NJ, Pera M, Pisoni C, Pons-Estel G, Quiambao AL, Quintana R, Ruderman E, Sattui S, Savio V, Sciascia S, Sencarova M, Morales RS, Siddique F, Sirotich E, Sparks J, Strangfeld A, Sufka P, Tanner H, Tissera Y, Wallace Z, Werner ML, Wise L, Worthing AB, Zell J, Zepa J, Machado PM, Yazdany J, Robinson P, Conway R. Obstetric outcomes in women with rheumatic disease and COVID-19 in the context of vaccination status. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023;62(4):1621-1626. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36124987/

Published in 2022

  1. Feterman Jimenez D, Duron G, Hendin J, Mantovani Cardoso E, Valenzuela-Almada MO, Vallejo S, Duarte-Garcia A, Sufka P, Whittle SL, Robinson PC, Prokop LJ, Putman MS. Industry involvement in rheumatology consensus-based recommendations: a systematic review. The Lancet Rheumatology 2022;4(2):e145-e152. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38288738/
  2. DiIorio M, Kennedy K, Liew JW, Putman MS, Sirotich E, Sattui SE, Foster G, Harrison C, Larché MJ, Levine M, Moni TT, Thabane L, Bhana S, Costello W, Grainger R, Machado PM, Robinson PC, Sufka P, Wallace ZS, Yazdany J, Gore-Massy M, Howard RA, Kodhek MA, Lalonde N, Tomasella LA, Wallace J, Akpabio A, Alpízar-Rodríguez D, Beesley RP, Berenbaum F, Bulina I, Chock EY, Conway R, Duarte-García A, Duff E, Gheita TA, Graef ER, Hsieh E, El Kibbi L, Liew DF, Lo C, Nudel M, Singh AD, Singh JA, Singh N, Ugarte-Gil MF, Hausmann JS, Simard JF, Sparks JA. Prolonged COVID-19 symptom duration in people with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Vaccine Survey. RMD Open 2022;8(2):e002587. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36104117/
  3. Yeoh SA, Gianfrancesco M, Lawson-Tovey S, Hyrich KL, Strangfeld A, Gossec L, Carmona L, Mateus EF, Schäfer M, Richez C, Hachulla E, Holmqvist M, Scirè CA, Lorenz HM, Voll RE, Hasseli R, Jayatilleke A, Hsu TY, D’Silva KM, Pimentel-Quiroz VR, Vasquez Del Mercado M, Shinjo SK, Neto ETDR, Junior LFDR, de Oliveira E Silva Montandon AC, Pons-Estel GJ, Ornella S, D’Angelo Exeni ME, Velozo E, Jordan P, Sirotich E, Hausmann JS, Liew JW, Jacobsohn L, Gore-Massy M, Sufka P, Grainger R, Bhana S, Wallace Z, Robinson PC, Yazdany J, Machado PM. Factors associated with severe COVID-19 in people with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry. RMD Open 2022;8(2):e002508. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36100295/
  4. Jatuworapruk K, Montgomery A, Gianfrancesco M, Conway R, Durcan L, Graef ER, Jayatilleke A, Keen H, Kilian A, Young K, Carmona L, Cogo AK, Duarte-García A, Gossec L, Hasseli R, Hyrich KL, Langlois V, Lawson-Tovey S, Malcata A, Mateus EF, Schafer M, Scirè CA, Sigurdardottir V, Sparks JA, Strangfeld A, Xavier RM, Bhana S, Gore-Massy M, Hausmann J, Liew JW, Sirotich E, Sufka P, Wallace Z, Machado PM, Yazdany J, Grainger R, Robinson PC. Characteristics and Outcomes of People With Gout Hospitalized Due to COVID-19: Data From the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Physician-Reported Registry. ACR Open Rheumatology 2022;4(11):948-953. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36000538/
  5. Izadi Z, Gianfrancesco MA, Schmajuk G, Jacobsohn L, Katz P, Rush S, Ja C, Taylor T, Shidara K, Danila MI, Wysham KD, Strangfeld A, Mateus EF, Hyrich KL, Gossec L, Carmona L, Lawson-Tovey S, Kearsley-Fleet L, Schaefer M, Al-Emadi S, Sparks JA, Hsu TY, Patel NJ, Wise L, Gilbert E, Duarte-García A, Valenzuela-Almada MO, Ugarte-Gil MF, Ljung L, Scirè CA, Carrara G, Hachulla E, Richez C, Cacoub P, Thomas T, Santos MJ, Bernardes M, Hasseli R, Regierer A, Schulze-Koops H, Müller-Ladner U, Pons-Estel G, Tanten R, Nieto RE, Pisoni CN, Tissera YS, Xavier R, Lopes Marques CD, Pileggi GCS, Robinson PC, Machado PM, Sirotich E, Liew JW, Hausmann JS, Sufka P, Grainger R, Bhana S, Gore-Massy M, Wallace ZS, Yazdany J. Environmental and societal factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic disease: an observational study. The Lancet Rheumatology 2022;4(9):e603-e613. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35909441/
  6. Izadi Z, Gianfrancesco MA, Aguirre A, Strangfeld A, Mateus EF, Hyrich KL, Gossec L, Carmona L, Lawson-Tovey S, Kearsley-Fleet L, Schaefer M, Seet AM, Schmajuk G, Jacobsohn L, Katz P, Rush S, Al-Emadi S, Sparks JA, Hsu TY, Patel NJ, Wise L, Gilbert E, Duarte-García A, Valenzuela-Almada MO, Ugarte-Gil MF, Ribeiro SLE, de Oliveira Marinho A, de Azevedo Valadares LD, Giuseppe DD, Hasseli R, Richter JG, Pfeil A, Schmeiser T, Isnardi CA, Reyes Torres AA, Alle G, Saurit V, Zanetti A, Carrara G, Labreuche J, Barnetche T, Herasse M, Plassart S, Santos MJ, Rodrigues AM, Robinson PC, Machado PM, Sirotich E, Liew JW, Hausmann JS, Sufka P, Grainger R, Bhana S, Costello W, Wallace ZS, Yazdany J. Development of a Prediction Model for COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases: Results From the Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry. ACR Open Rheumatology 2022;4(10):872-882. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35869686/
  7. Young K, Yeoh SA, Putman M, Sattui S, Conway R, Graef E, Kilian A, Konig M, Sparks J, Ugarte-Gil M, Upton L, Berenbaum F, Bhana S, Costello W, Hausmann J, Machado P, Robinson P, Sirotich E, Sufka P, Yazdany J, Liew J, Grainger R, Wallace Z, Jayatilleke A. The impact of COVID-19 on rheumatology training — results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance trainee survey. Rheumatology Advances in Practice 2022;6(1):rkac001. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35392427/
  8. Liew J, Gianfrancesco M, Harrison C, Izadi Z, Rush S, Lawson-Tovey S, Jacobsohn L, Ja C, Hyrich KL, Gossec L, Strangfeld A, Carmona L, Schäfer M, Frãzao-Mateus E, Bulina I, Stafford F, Tufan A, Graver C, Yardımcı GK, Zepa J, Al Emadi S, Cook C, Abutiban F, Dey D, Katigbak G, Kaufman L, Kowalski E, Martínez-Martínez MU, Patel NJ, Reyes-Cordero G, Salido E, Smith E, Snow D, Sparks J, Wise L, Bhana S, Gore-Massy M, Grainger R, Hausmann J, Sirotich E, Sufka P, Wallace Z, Machado PM, Robinson PC, Yazdany J. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections among vaccinated individuals with rheumatic disease: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance provider registry. RMD Open 2022;8(1):e002187. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35387864/
  9. Ugarte-Gil MF, Alarcón GS, Izadi Z, Duarte-García A, Reátegui-Sokolova C, Clarke AE, Wise L, Pons-Estel GJ, Santos MJ, Bernatsky S, Ribeiro SLE, Al Emadi S, Sparks JA, Hsu TY, Patel NJ, Gilbert EL, Valenzuela-Almada MO, Jönsen A, Landolfi G, Fredi M, Goulenok T, Devaux M, Mariette X, Queyrel V, Romão VC, Sequeira G, Hasseli R, Hoyer B, Voll RE, Specker C, Baez R, Castro-Coello V, Maldonado Ficco H, Reis Neto ET, Ferreira GAA, Monticielo OAA, Sirotich E, Liew J, Hausmann J, Sufka P, Grainger R, Bhana S, Costello W, Wallace ZS, Jacobsohn L, Taylor T, Ja C, Strangfeld A, Mateus EF, Hyrich KL, Carmona L, Lawson-Tovey S, Kearsley-Fleet L, Schäfer M, Machado PM, Robinson PC, Gianfrancesco M, Yazdany J. Characteristics associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2022;81(7):970-978. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35172961/
  10. Putman M, Kennedy K, Sirotich E, Liew JW, Sattui SE, Moni TT, Akpabio AA, Alpizar-Rodríguez D, Angevare S, Beesley RP, Berenbaum F, Bulina I, Chock YPE, Conway R, Duarte-García A, Singh AD, Duff E, Durrant KL, Gheita TA, Hill CL, Howard R, Hoyer BF, Hsieh E, El Kibbi L, Kilian A, Kim AHJ, Liew DFL, Lo C, Mateus EF, Miller B, Mingolla S, Nudel M, Singh JA, Singh N, Ugarte-Gil MF, Wallace J, Young KJ, Zamora-Tehozol EA, Bhana S, Costello W, Grainger R, Machado PM, Robinson PC, Sufka P, Wallace ZS, Yazdany J, Harrison C, Larché MJ, Levine M, Foster G, Thabane L, Hausmann JS, Sparks JA, Simard JF. COVID-19 vaccine perceptions and uptake: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Vaccine Survey. The Lancet Rheumatology 2022;4(4):e237-e240. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35156060/
  11. Yeoh SA, Young K, Putman M, Sattui S, Conway R, Graef E, Kilian A, Konig M, Sparks J, Ugarte-Gil M, Upton L, Berenbaum F, Bhana S, Costello W, Hausmann J, Machado P, Robinson P, Sirotich E, Sufka P, Yazdany J, Liew J, Grainger R, Wallace Z, Jayatilleke A; Global Rheumatology Alliance. Rapid Adoption of Telemedicine in Rheumatology Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic Highlights Training and Supervision Concerns Among Rheumatology Trainees. ACR Open Rheumatology 2022;4(2):128-133. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34791821/

Published in 2021

  1. Bermas BL, Gianfrancesco M, Tanner HL, Seet AM, Aguiar MC, Al Adhoubi NK, Al Emadi S, Cunha BM, Flood R, Kusevich DA, McCarthy EM, Patel NJ, Ruderman EM, Sattui SE, Sciascia S, Siddique F, Valenzuela-Almada MO, Wise LM, Worthing AB, Zell J, Bhana S, Costello W, Duarte-Garcia A, Grainger R, Gossec L, Hausmann JS, Hyrich K, Lawson-Tovey S, Liew JW, Sirotich E, Sparks JA, Sufka P, Wallace ZS, Machado PM, Strangfeld A, Clowse MEB, Yazdany J, Robinson PC. COVID-19 in Pregnant Women With Rheumatic Disease: Data From the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. The Journal of Rheumatology 2022;49(1):110-114. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34470798/
  2. Sattui SE, Liew JW, Kennedy K, Sirotich E, Putman M, Moni TT, Akpabio A, Alpízar-Rodríguez D, Berenbaum F, Bulina I, Conway R, Singh AD, Duff E, Durrant KL, Gheita TA, Hill CL, Howard RA, Hoyer BF, Hsieh E, El Kibbi L, Kilian A, Kim AH, Liew DFL, Lo C, Miller B, Mingolla S, Nudel M, Palmerlee CA, Singh JA, Singh N, Ugarte-Gil MF, Wallace J, Young KJ, Bhana S, Costello W, Grainger R, Machado PM, Robinson PC, Sufka P, Wallace ZS, Yazdany J, Harrison C, Larché M, Levine M, Foster G, Thabane L, Rider LG, Hausmann JS, Simard JF, Sparks JA. Early experience of COVID-19 vaccination in adults with systemic rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Vaccine Survey. RMD Open 2021;7(3):e001814. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34493645/
  3. Hausmann JS, Kennedy K, Simard JF, Liew JW, Sparks JA, Moni TT, Harrison C, Larché MJ, Levine M, Sattui SE, Semalulu T, Foster G, Surangiwala S, Thabane L, Beesley RP, Durrant KL, Mateus EF, Mingolla S, Nudel M, Palmerlee CA, Richards DP, Liew DFL, Hill CL, Bhana S, Costello W, Grainger R, Machado PM, Robinson PC, Sufka P, Wallace ZS, Yazdany J, Sirotich E; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Immediate effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient health, health-care use, and behaviours: results from an international survey of people with rheumatic diseases. The Lancet Rheumatology 2021;3(10):e707-e714. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34316727/
  4. Sparks JA, Wallace ZS, Seet AM, Gianfrancesco MA, Izadi Z, Hyrich KL, Strangfeld A, Gossec L, Carmona L, Mateus EF, Lawson-Tovey S, Trupin L, Rush S, Katz P, Schmajuk G, Jacobsohn L, Wise L, Gilbert EL, Duarte-García A, Valenzuela-Almada MO, Pons-Estel GJ, Isnardi CA, Berbotto GA, Hsu TY, D’Silva KM, Patel NJ, Kearsley-Fleet L, Schäfer M, Ribeiro SLE, Al Emadi S, Tidblad L, Scirè CA, Raffeiner B, Thomas T, Flipo RM, Avouac J, Seror R, Bernardes M, Cunha MM, Hasseli R, Schulze-Koops H, Müller-Ladner U, Specker C, Souza VA, Mota LMHD, Gomides APM, Dieudé P, Nikiphorou E, Kronzer VL, Singh N, Ugarte-Gil MF, Wallace B, Akpabio A, Thomas R, Bhana S, Costello W, Grainger R, Hausmann JS, Liew JW, Sirotich E, Sufka P, Robinson PC, Machado PM, Yazdany J; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Associations of baseline use of biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs with COVID-19 severity in rheumatoid arthritis: Results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician registry. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2021;80(9):1137-1146. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34049860/
  5. Strangfeld A, Schäfer M, Gianfrancesco MA, Lawson-Tovey S, Liew JW, Ljung L, Mateus EF, Richez C, Santos MJ, Schmajuk G, Scirè CA, Sirotich E, Sparks JA, Sufka P, Thomas T, Trupin L, Wallace ZS, Al-Adely S, Bachiller-Corral J, Bhana S, Cacoub P, Carmona L, Costello R, Costello W, Gossec L, Grainger R, Hachulla E, Hasseli R, Hausmann JS, Hyrich KL, Izadi Z, Jacobsohn L, Katz P, Kearsley-Fleet L, Robinson PC, Yazdany J, Machado PM; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2021;80(7):930-942. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33504483/
  6. Gianfrancesco MA, Leykina LA, Izadi Z, Taylor T, Sparks JA, Harrison C, Trupin L, Rush S, Schmajuk G, Katz P, Jacobsohn L, Hsu TY, D’Silva KM, Serling-Boyd N, Wallwork R, Todd DJ, Bhana S, Costello W, Grainger R, Hausmann JS, Liew JW, Sirotich E, Sufka P, Wallace ZS, Machado PM, Robinson PC, Yazdany J; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Association of Race and Ethnicity With COVID-19 Outcomes in Rheumatic Disease: Data From the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Physician Registry. Arthritis & Rheumatology 2021;73(3):374-380. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33146001/
  7. Liew JW, Bhana S, Costello W, Hausmann JS, Machado PM, Robinson PC, Sirotich E, Sufka P, Wallace ZS, Yazdany J, Grainger R; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. The COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance: evaluating the rapid design and implementation of an international registry against best practice. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021;60(1):353-358. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32789449/

Published in 2020

  1. Putman MS, Sufka P, Whittle S, Robinson PC. European consensus statements for interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis. The Lancet Rheumatology 2020;2(6):e317-e318. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38273591/
  2. Hausmann JS, Sufka P, Bhana S, Liew JW, Machado PM, Wallace ZS, Costello W, Robinson PC, Yazdany J, Grainger R, Sirotich E. Conducting research in a pandemic: The power of social media. European Journal of Rheumatology 2020;7(Suppl 2):S85-S88. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32716838/
  3. Gianfrancesco M, Hyrich KL, Al-Adely S, Carmona L, Danila MI, Gossec L, Izadi Z, Jacobsohn L, Katz P, Lawson-Tovey S, Mateus EF, Rush S, Schmajuk G, Simard J, Strangfeld A, Trupin L, Wysham KD, Bhana S, Costello W, Grainger R, Hausmann JS, Liew JW, Sirotich E, Sufka P, Wallace ZS, Yazdany J, Machado PM, Robinson PC; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2020;79(7):859-866. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32471903/
  4. Wallace ZS, Bhana S, Hausmann JS, Robinson PC, Sufka P, Sirotich E, Yazdany J, Grainger R. The Rheumatology Community responds to the COVID-19 pandemic: the establishment of the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020;59(6):1204-1206. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32374851/
  5. Gianfrancesco MA, Hyrich KL, Gossec L, Strangfeld A, Carmona L, Mateus EF, Sufka P, Grainger R, Wallace Z, Bhana S, Sirotich E, Liew J, Hausmann JS, Costello W, Robinson P, Machado PM, Yazdany J; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Steering Committee. Rheumatic disease and COVID-19: initial data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance provider registries. The Lancet Rheumatology 2020;2(5):e250-e253. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32309814/

Published in 2019

  1. Venuturupalli RS, Sufka P, Bhana S. Digital Medicine in Rheumatology: Challenges and Opportunities. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 2019;45(1):113-126. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30447740/

Published in 2009

  1. Navaravong L, Sufka P, Warren JB. An obscuring cause of wide-anion-gap metabolic acidosis in alcoholic patient: an interesting case. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2009;102(7):294-295. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19605861/